Indian top 10 business houses lost $139 billion


Few days back I got a phone call from my friend and he told me that he lost 300,000 Rupees in share market in last one month. I said to him don’t worry, see top 10 Indian business tycoons, they have lost 139 billion US dollars. All these losses whether for small investors like my friend and giants like Mukesh, Anil, K. P Singh etc is due to recent economic crisis or better say economic depression. According to Economic Times, this amount is equivalent to around 16% of India’s gross domestic product(GDP) and more than the combined GDP of Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. Actually, India’s top billionaires have lost more than 60% of their wealth since January 2008.

Now India’s top 10 business houses are now worth $84 billion (Rs 4.1 lakh crore) compared with $223 billion (over Rs 10 lakh crore) in January 2008.

So who all are biggest losers?

* Anil Ambani’s total wealth is now worth $12.9 billion against $45.1 billion in January this year.
* Mukesh lost 54% of his money.
* Unitech’s Ramesh Chandra lost 85%.
* DLF’s chief K. P Singh has now only $ 9 billion against $35 in January 2008.
* Bharti Airtel’s Sunil Mittal lost 31% money.


If you have already invested in share market, mutual funds etc and lost a good amount of money then these figures will give you some relief and you will start thinking that you are the only loser.

India wrap up win over Australia


Zaheer Khan made short work of the Australian tail as India secured a 320-run victory in the second Test of the series.

Left-arm paceman Zaheer claimed three wickets in his first two overs as Australia crashed from 141 for five overnight to 144 for eight.

Leg-spinner Amit Mishra completed the rout by picking up the last two wickets as Australia, chasing a target of 516 for an improbable win, were eventually bowled out for 195.

Zaheer ended a blossoming partnership between Brad Haddin and Michael Clarke by bowling Haddin with the last ball of his first over.

Just one run was added to their sixth wicket stand, already worth 83 overnight, when Haddin was bowled by one which came back slightly off the pitch.

Haddin failed to add to his overnight score of 37.

Zaheer struck twice again off consecutive deliveries in his second over, first removing Cameron White (one) and then Brett Lee (zero).

White traded flash for prudence, slashing at an away going delivery and only edging to wicketkeeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni.

Lee was done in by one which moved slightly off the seam, knocking back off stump as the tailender shaped to defend.

"Especially at one time in the first innings, they [Australia] were 22 from 13 overs. I said to Rahul [Dravid], 'Look at the board, we won't see that again'"
Mahendra Singh Dhoni

Mitchell Johnson saved the hat-trick by playing forward and defending solidly.

He briefly held up India's charge, putting on 50 runs with Clarke for the ninth wicket and in the process showing runs could still be had from the fifth day's pitch.

He struck four boundaries in his 26 before offering a simple return catch to leg spinner Amit Mishra.

Clarke, meanwhile, reached his ninth half-century, getting past the mark by scampering through for a couple of runs courtesy of a mis-field in the covers.

He was the last man out attempting to pull Mishra through midwicket where Sehwag pulled off a smart catch to bring up India's biggest victory over the World Champions in terms of runs.

Is this THE BEGINNING OF THE END of the Ausies dominance in cricket?

Queen visited Google and uploaded video on YouTube


Yesterday Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II with her husband the Duke of Edinburgh visited Google’s London headquarters where she uploaded a video clip to YouTube for the first time. Yesterday Queen The video contains footage from a reception held at Buckingham Palace for returning Olympians in 1968. She also had face-to-face meeting with daveyboyz, aka David Bass, and U.K. YouTube superstars Peter Oakley and Lauren Luke. Google European President Nikesh Arora headed up a group of 50 staff and senior management greeted the queen in Google office. The British Queen also saw the demonstration of the Google search engine, a tour of Google Earth, and participated on a talk on Google advertising and its contribution to U.K. industry.

This is the video clip which was uploaded by Queen.

One dollar is equal to 50 rupees?


Today one dollar is equal to 48.8 rupees. Very soon it will become 50 rupees. Then it will be very easy for Indian bloggers to calculate their income in Indian Rupees. Do you know why it is happening? Before writing this post, I also have not much idea on this point but I searched many finance related websites on Google and get the reasons behind this depreciation of Rupee against dollar. These days there has been increased demand for dollars due to a spurt in oil prices.



As a result of this foriegn exchange is flowing from India. Another main reason is that foreign investors sold more Indian shares than they bought. The recent downfall in Indian share markets also added more flavor to this issue. What has happened to growing Indian economy? Depreciation in Rupee, decreasing sensex, layoffs in big companies. I am worried, what about you?

Tendulkar tops charts


A look at the top 10 leading run-scorers in Test cricket after Sachin Tendulkar went past Brian Lara’s record on Friday.

Tendulkar, who now has four world records, not only went past the West Indies legend but took it a step further as he crossed the 12,000-run mark.

The top ten list is dominated by India and Australia with three players each, while West Indies, South Africa, England and Pakistan are represented by a player each.


This is my biggest milestone: Sachin

Sachin Tendulkar Friday said that going past 12,000 runs in Test cricket was the "biggest milestone" in his career.
"It has taken me 19 years to get here, it cannot happen overnight. In the journey there have been ups and down. It is a process of success and failures and during this time stones have been thrown at you and you have to turn them into milestone," he said after being felicitated by the BCCI at the close of the first day's play of the second Test against Australia at Mohali.

The stadium erupted in celebrations once Tendulkar reached 15 in his innings of 88 as he went past Brian Lara's record to become the top run-getter in Tests. Sachin, however, said he was not that excited and wanted to carry on with the game.

"I was not that excited to be honest, the focus was on continuing the game and not lose my concentration. Sourav (Ganguly) and I decided that we had to concentrate and make a big partnership."

Tendulkar and Ganguly put on a 142-run stand after India were reduced to 174 for four at tea after getting off to a flying start.

The Mumbai Bomber, who was dismissed for 88, said he was disappointed at losing his wicket at that stage.

"It was disappointing that I got out as the role was to stay there and get a big knock. There was a lack of footwork, I was a fraction late to judge the new ball."

Even though he would have preferred to have his record come earlier, he was happy to have got to the record against a top side like Australia.

"I would have preferred to get my record earlier, but I am happy it has come at the right time. And australia are a top side and I am happy to get it against them," he said.

Asked whether he felt butterflies in the stomach as he approached the milestone, he said: "I was okay. I was trying to concentrate on my game but everyone was reminding me of the record."

Did he rue missing out on the record in Bangalore?

"No," pat came the reply. Tendulkar said the important thing on day five of the first Test was to save the game.

"I thought the most important thing was to save the Test match. We lost a couple of early wickets and then we had some decemt partnership. By the time I got out (on 49), I knew I had done my job and was relieved. I told myself that the record will come sometime."

Tendulkar said there was no special preparation for getting the record. "I decided to keep it simple and keep watching the ball."

'No one needs to tell me when to go' - Sachin


Sachin Tendulkar has asserted that he would play as long as he enjoys his game and nobody should dare tell him when to stop.
Basking in his new-found glory as the highest Test run getter after breaking Brian Lara's record of 11,953 runs, the batting great said he does not have anything to prove to anyone and nobody should tell him when to call it quits.

"I don't need to prove anything to anyone. I have been around for 19 years and all those 19 years I did not play to prove anything to anyone, not in my first year not in the 10th, 15th or 19th year," a combative Tendulkar said.

"What I need to do is to contribute to whatever my team's requirements are. I'm not here to answer what x,y, and z is writing about me or saying about me. People will say lot of things, not necessarily they are always correct. I don't take thir opinions seriously," he said.

"What happens in the dressing room is more imporant. The planning of the captain, coach, manager and other players are much more important. I just focus on that," he said.

Tendulkar made it clear that though the clamour is growing for the retirement of the senior players in the side, he was in no mood to hang up his boots.

"I'm going to continue obviously, I'm feeling good. As I said, so many things are being said and written and not necessarily those are right. Those are only opinions", he said.

Meanwhile in Mumbai, Sachin's wife Anjali echoed similar sentiments sayinf that the cricketer will not stay a "minute longer" when he is not enjoying the game.

"I can be hundred per cent sure that Sachin will not play for a minute longer when he is not enjoying himself. He is still so eager to go out there and play. He will play as long as he feels he can play," Anjali told reporters.

She also rubbished the speculation that the 'Fab 5' are under pressure from the BCCI for their retirement.

"So far there has been nothing from the Board's side... nobody is telling anyone that you have to retire. I think people respect these guys enough."

India to be F1 venue in 2011

Formula One supremo Bernie Ecclestone is reported to have confirmed India will be added to the race calendar in 2011.

Ecclestone also hinted that Russia may get an event in the near future.

"In Russia we have two or three open options," Ecclestone told Italian newspaper Gazzetta dello Sport.

"The first regards Moscow obviously. But it is not the time to think about a date.

"Then there is India and here I can say that the race will be on the calendar in 2011."

For 2009 Canada lost its place on the calendar while Abu Dhabi was added as the season-ending race.

Consequently North America will have no race at all after the American Grand Prix was axed last year.

"America works differently," added Ecclestone. "Certain world events such as Formula One in some countries or Olympic Games are financed by the state.

"But in America they are organised by private entities who want to profit before the race is held. That is too much."

Following the success of Formula One's first-ever night race in Singapore two weeks ago there have been suggestions more night races could be added to the calendar.

But Ecclestone confirmed that Singapore will remain the only race under lights in 2009 while adding there is no reason for a European race to be held at night.

"A GP in Singapore was born from the requirement to have a race that was at an acceptable time to watch in Europe," he added.

"All GPs in that part of the world could in theory be moved to night (races) but in 2009 there will be just Singapore.

"In Europe I do not see any reason for a race to be held after sunset."

Now we can buy tunes from YouTube

Finally Google is going to introduce one good way to monetize YouTube, the world’s number one video website. Now you will find a type of e-commerce ad that we can click to buy digital goods from Apple’s iTunes or Amazon.com. Actually there will be a click-to-buy links to its popular YouTube video-sharing service, letting customers purchase songs and games. That link will take users to online stores such as Apple’s iTunes or Amazon.com. At present this service is available in US only. In order to gain more money from YouTube Google has also future plans to inserts text and image ads inside youtube videos.

The official Google blog said “We’re getting started by embedding iTunes and Amazon.com links on videos from companies like EMI Music, and providing Amazon.com product links to the newly-released video game Spore(TM) on videos from Electronic Arts.”

This is really a brilliant buiness plan to monetize the YouTube website and make it profitable. So google has taken the first step towards the building a profitable e-commerce application. Hoping this trick will work for YouTube. What do you think? Will it work for Google’s YouTube.

'I was tired of being humiliated again and again' - Ganguly

Sourav Ganguly, who will retire from international cricket after the Australian series, has said he was tired of the constant humiliation and at being singled out for scrutiny. He has also issued a sharply worded criticism of his team-mates, saying some "have changed their hairstyle more than they have scored".

"I am bound to feel bad. I had to fight with my heart," he told Aajkal, a Bengali daily. "If there is a gun to your head all the time, how long can you bear this? After all, I have played 400 matches for India. I have played badly in only one series. Yet every Tom, Dick and Harry is playing in the team.
"
"There are players who haven't scored in the last three series for India, even for the last one year. There are some who have changed their hairstyle more than they have scored for India."

"How long would I have played? Maybe upto 2009. Maybe seven more Tests. For that I was not prepared to take any more humiliation. I was tired of being humiliated again and again. I don't want to play cricket at the mercy of others."

Ganguly made an impressive return to international cricket after losing his captaincy, and his place in the side, in early 2006. "Everything is possible in Indian cricket," he said. "When Greg (Chappell) dropped me, TP Singh (of Railways, now with the ICL) was my replacement. Where is he now?"

Asked what hurt more, being dropped by Chappell or being excluded from the Irani Trophy squad this year, Ganguly said: "Definitely the Irani Trophy. I couldn't imagine being dropped for that. That's when I said, not again."

"I thought a lot before reaching this decision. I have also thought about my plans for the next one year. If this (selection) committee had come three years earlier, the situation would have been slightly better for me."

Huge planet defies explanation

Astronomers have sighted a very dense planet-sized object that orbits its parent star in just four days and six hours. The object, COROT-exo-3b, fits into the category of a failed star known as a brown dwarf, but the team that made the discovery has not ruled out the possibility that it is a planet. Brown dwarfs are failed stars. They burn lithium but are not massive enough to generate the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium that powers real stars. Planets do none of that. "It has puzzled us; we're not sure where to draw the boundary between planets and brown dwarfs," said Hans Deeg, an astronomer at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) in the Canary Islands, Spain. The object has a mass 20 times greater than that of Jupiter, but is roughly the same size. It falls outside the range of planets and stars discovered to date, with the largest planets having 12-Jupiter-mass and the smallest stars 70-Jupiter-mass. If astronomers confirm the object as a planet, it would weigh in as the most massive and densest planet found so far. A full study will be detailed in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. "COROT-exo-3b might turn out to be a rare object found by sheer luck", said Francois Bouchy, an astronomer at the Institut d'Astrophysique in Paris. "But it might just be a member of a new-found family of very massive planets that encircle stars more massive than our sun. We're now beginning to think that the more massive the star, the more massive the planet.

" Ground-based telescopes around the world helped pinpoint the object, including observatories in France, Chile, Germany, Hawaii, Israel and Spain's Canary Islands. The hunt for exoplanets has intensified over recent years, with astronomers usually finding such objects indirectly by observing their gravitational influence on parent stars. Another team showcased what might be the first direct image of an exoplanet around a sun-like star in September.

Crowd gathers to see Virgin Mary in office window

Early wednesday morning, a crowd of hundreds again gathered outside a Mercy Medical Center office on Stafford Street to view what some believed to be an apparition of the Virgin Mary appearing in a second story window. Crowd first gathered Tuesday afternoon, taking photographs of the shadow outlined on the window with their cell phones and saying the rosary. "I think it's Our Lady of Guadalupe," said Olga Romero who lives in the nearby Saab Court Apartments, referring to the apparition of the Virgin Mary reported in 1531 in Mexico. Sister Kathleen Sullivan, senior vice president at Mercy, said an image was observed on the window of a vacant office at the 300 Stafford St. medical building late this morning. "What it is I don't know, but it was certainly humbling to see the faith of the people. It was so beautiful," she said. Word spread, bringing possibly as many as 300 hundred people into the parking lot at one time. The crowd was extremely orderly. Elderly women led others in reciting the rosary and singing. Others were overcome with emotion and crying. Romero said she came to pray for her health. She brought her daughter and granddaughter with her. Deirdre Gogel, of West Springfield, said she found it comforting that the apparition occurred when the United States is going through such trying economic times and people are frightened. Mark E. Dupont, spokesman for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield, said the diocese was informed of the situation by officials at Mercy Medical Center. Dupont said he went to the medical center and saw a clearly defined outline as sunlight shone through a window.

"Certainly it was inspiring people, and Catholics throughout their history have a great devotion to the Blessed Virgin," Dupont said. He said it would take years for the church to investigate an apparition. "We want to be careful not to mislead people, but what we can't debate is the faith of the people," he said. Sister Margaret McCleary, of the Sisters of Providence, said she stopped by after she heard news of the apparition.

Ancient Peru pyramid spotted by satellite

A new remote sensing technology has peeled away layers of mud and rock near Peru's Cahuachi desert to reveal an ancient adobe pyramid, Italian researchers announced on Friday at a satellite imagery conference in Rome. Nicola Masini and Rosa Lasaponara of Italy's National Research Council (CNR) discovered the pyramid by analyzing images from the satellite Quickbird, which they used to penetrate the Peruvian soil. The researchers investigated a test area along the river Nazca. Covered by plants and grass, it was about a mile away from Cahuachi's archaeological site, which contains the remains of what is believed to be the world's biggest mud city. Via Quickbird, Masini and colleagues collected high-resolution infrared and multispectral images. After the researchers optimized the data with special algorithms, the result was a detailed visualization of a pyramid extending over a 97,000-square-foot (9,000-square-meter) area.The discovery doesn't come as a surprise to archaeologists, since some 40 mounds at Cahuachi are believed to contain the remains of important structures. "We know that many buildings are still buried under Cahuachi's sands, but until now, it was almost impossible to exactly locate them and detect their shape from an aerial view," Masini told Discovery News. "The biggest problem was the very low contrast between adobe, which is sun-dried earth, and the background subsoil." Cahuachi is the best-known site of the Nazca civilization, which flourished in Peru between the first century B.C. and the fifth century A.D. and slid into oblivion by the time the Inca Empire rose to dominate the Andes.

Famous for carving in the Peruvian desert hundreds of geometric lines and images of animals and birds that are best viewed from the air, the Nazca people built Cahuachi as a ceremonial center, molding pyramids, temples and plazas from the desert itself.

Iran unveils plan for women's car

Iran has announced plans for a new car designed specially for women.

Its features will include automatic transmission, parking and navigation aids and a jack for changing tyres without getting grease on your chador.

Iran's biggest car producer, Iran Khodro, says it will come in a range of feminine colours and interior designs.

Other features are proposed to make it easier for women when they are doing the family shopping or taking their children to school.

If that suggests a degree of sexist stereotyping in Iranian society, it is, just possibly, true.

Despite the fact that Iranian women now make up around 60% of university students, Iranian men have yet to absorb fully the message of equality.

A recent study by an academic from Allameh Tabatabaii University in Tehran found that working Iranian women believed that the domestic chores should be shared more equally.

However, according to the report "their husbands think and act traditionally".

Indeed, the idea of married men cooking for their wives is viewed in Iran as highly eccentric.

As a result, the report concludes, Iran's new generation of working women "are obliged to play the role of a superwoman to resolve their contradictions in handling all tasks."

It says such women "have become increasingly frustrated with their life".

'Modesty bikes'

Officially, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad insists that Iranian women are the most equal in the world.

And the authorities proudly boast of the achievements and opportunities open to Iranian women.

But the official Iranian concept of equality is very different from that understood by Western feminists.

Among the more eccentric policies here, Iran recently announced plans for a special bicycle for women.

None of the machines has been spotted yet, but apparently the idea is to provide special covers, to help preserve female modesty as they pedal.

Women, however, are still banned from riding motorcycles.

However, they can often be seen perched on the back, sometimes with one or two small children in their arms, as their husband weaves through the Iranian traffic.

Big-money England match in doubt

The $20m (£11.5m) match between England and Sir Allen Stanford's Caribbean team is in doubt after a High Court ruling.

The West Indies Cricket Board has lost its case against team sponsor Digicel and been told it cannot sanction the match, set for 1 November in Antigua.

Digicel, overlooked as a sponsor, took action as it felt it had full branding rights on the match, claiming it was effectively a West Indies match.

The ruling added that no West Indians on central contracts could play.

That would mean star players like captain Chris Gayle and batsmen Shiv Chanderpaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan would be barred from playing for England's opponents, the Stanford Super Stars XI.

Digicel had been unhappy that Texan billionaire Stanford was only prepared to grant them minimal branding on the bowlers' run-ups and boundary boards. It felt it had a right to a larger slice of the publicity and marketing surrounding the match.

BBC Sport understands he, Digicel and the WICB will now be locked in furious negotiations over the next few days in a bid to save the match which is due to feature a whole week of warm-up matches.

Domestic Twenty20 champions Middlesex are also involved in the action - and are due to be paid handsomely should they win their match against Trinidad & Tobago.

The news is a blow to Kevin Pietersen's England squad, each of whom is set to become overnight dollar millionaires should the match go ahead - and they win it.

BBC Radio 5 Live reporter Pat Murphy said: "It is a humiliation for the West Indies board.

"Digicel maintain [England's opponents] are a full-strength West Indies XI and as the game is recognised by the ICC they are entitled to more than just recognition of their company on the bowlers' run-ups and boundary boards. After all they are the official sponsors of the West Indies Cricket Board.

"The game is now in doubt, the next couple of days will be absolutely crucial."

BBC sports editor Mihir Bose said all parties remained confident of an eventual settlement, with the cash-strapped WICB - which has the most to lose should the match not proceed - likely to have to forgo some of the money that was due to come to them.

WICB chief executive Dr Donald Peters said: "We understand the arbitrator has ruled against us and at this point we are trying to evaluate what the terms of the ruling are before we make any statement."

The England and Wales Cricket Board is keen that the match goes ahead as planned, as it feels it is the best way to lure the top players away from the temptations of the Indian Premier League.

On Monday, ECB chairman Giles Clarke was bullish there would be nothing in the High Court ruling to jeopardise the match, saying: "I'm sure the wise heads involved will sort out the issues.

"It's a matter between the West Indies Cricket Board and Digicel and I'm sure that everybody is seeking to find a sensible solution to enable this very dramatic and extremely exciting game of cricket to go ahead."

Stanford Super Series schedule:
25 Oct: Stanford Super Stars v Trinidad & Tobago
26 Oct: England v Middlesex
27 Oct: Trinidad & Tobago v Middlesex
28 Oct: England v Trinidad & Tobago
29 Oct: Stanford Super Stars v Middlesex
30 Oct: Rest day
31 Oct: Legends Beach Cricket match
1 Nov: Stanford Super Stars v England

Circumcision HIV impact doubted

There is no hard evidence that circumcision protects gay men from HIV, research shows.

African trials have shown circumcision cuts the likelihood of male to female HIV transmission by up to 60%.

But a US analysis of data on 53,567 men who have sex with other men found HIV rates were not significantly lower among those who were circumcised.

The Journal of the American Medical Association study stressed more work was needed to draw firm conclusions.

The US team, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta examined data on 53,567 men who have sex with men, of which 52% were circumcised.

HIV levels among those who were circumcised were lower - but not significantly so.

However, there was evidence that circumcision may have had a protective effect in studies carried out before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996.

The researchers said one possible explanation was that the advent of these more effective HIV drugs had encouraged higher levels of risk taking sexual behaviour, wiping out any marginal protective effect from circumcision.

Alternatively, the drugs may have helped lower the risk of transmission to the point where circumcision had no further benefit.

A third possibility is that there may have been a smaller proportion of men in the pre-HAART trials who primarily engaged in receptive anal sex, which carries the greatest risk for HIV infection among gay men.

Prevention

Michael Carter, of the HIV information service NAM, said: "It's my sense that there has been a tempering of the excitement about circumcision, and researchers are now favouring a 'combination prevention' approach.

"Circumcision may have a place in this in some settings, but so too do good sexual health, consistent condom use, and there's real excitement and debate about the role of HIV treatment in prevention."

Will Nutland, of the HIV charity Terrence Higgins Trust, said: "This research adds weight to the evidence that circumcision isn't an effective method of HIV prevention for men who have sex with men.

"The majority of HIV infections in men who have sex with men are as a result of receptive anal intercourse and circumcision would make no difference in these cases.

"Rather than encouraging gay men to be circumcised, investment in prevention in the UK should focus on targeted education programmes, condom provision and easy access to testing."

TimeLine : Sourav Ganguly


Full name Sourav Chandidas Ganguly
Born July 8, 1972, Calcutta (now Kolkata), Bengal
Current age - 36 years 91 days
Major teams - India, Asia XI, Bengal, Glamorgan, Kolkata Knight Riders, Lancashire
Batting style - Left-hand bat
Bowling style - Right-arm medium
Height - 5 ft 11 in
Education - St Xavier's College
Relations Brother - Snehasish C Ganguly


Timeline


January 11, 1992
Inauspicious debut

Makes his ODI debut, his only international on the tour of Australia. Scores 3 and is duly dropped. His highest score on the tour is 29, against Queensland.

June 21 and 22, 1996
Test debut is different

In his first Test, at Lord's, scores an imperious century. Follows it up with another century in the very next Test at Trent Bridge, on July 4.

October 23, 1996
Quite a sighter

In his 11th one-dayer, in Jaipur, opens the innings for the first time, against South Africa. This is the first time the greatest opening combination in ODI history, him and Sachin Tendulkar, comes together. He scores 54, Tendulkar 64, in a 126-run stand.

August 20, 1997
Has a ball in Sri Lanka

Playing against Sri Lanka, scores his first ODI century, in his 32nd match, in Colombo. This innings follows a 147 in the second Test, an innings instrumental in drawing the Test.

September, 1997
If it's Toronto, it has to be Ganguly

High point of his career. Is the leading scorer and wicket-taker in the Sahara Cup. With 222 runs at 55.5 and 15 wickets at 10.66, he wins four Man-of-the-Match awards in five matches, and is the most unanimous Man of the Series, as India beat Pakistan 4-1.

November-December, 1997
Whipping Sri Lanka, round 2

With 392 runs at an average of 98, ends the three-Test home series against Sri Lanka as top scorer and Man of the Series.

January 18, 1998
Setting up a famous chase

Scores 124 against Pakistan in the then highest successful run-chase in ODI history, as India score 316 in 47.5 overs to win the Independence Cup in Dhaka.

July 7, 1998
Whipping Sri Lanka, round 3

Scores 109 against Sri Lanka in Colombo, in the then highest opening stand in ODIs. He and Tendulkar (128) put together 252 runs as India win the Singer-Akai-Nidahas Trophy final by six runs.

May 26, 1999
Whipping Sri Lanka, round 4

A day when he, in partnership, looks like breaking every batting record in the book. His 183 in Taunton is the then highest ODI score by an Indian; the 318-run partnership with Rahul Dravid (145) is the then highest partnership ever; and India's 373 for 6 is the then second-largest ODI total.

September, 1999
Captaincy calibre

Captains India for the first time in the Coca-Cola Singapore Challenge tournament, against West Indies, as Tendulkar is rested due to a sore back. Barely a week later, he leads India again in the DMC Cup - with Tendulkar skipping the tournament due to an injury - against West Indies. India win the series 2-1.

February, 2000
County calling

Signs up to replace Muttiah Muralitharan as Lancashire's overseas cricketer.

February 26, 2000
Tendulkar resigns, Ganguly obliges

Is named captain of the Indian team for the five-ODI home series against South Africa. The announcement comes after Tendulkar has resigned from captaincy. At the prime of his one-day form, he ends the series as top run-getter, but India lose a closely fought series. Is named full-time captain after the series.

March 21, 2001
Final frontier remains

End of a month of enthralling Test cricket. Ganguly is the leading face of a brash, aggressive Indian team who come back from an impossible situation to beat Australia 2-1. Is vindicated as a captain.

November, 2001
Tête-à-tête with match-referee

In an unprecedented and highly controversial action, Ganguly and five other Indian players are summoned by Mike Denness, the match-referee, and warned for excessive appealing during the Port Elizabeth Test. He is also accused of not controlling his players, and is punished with a suspended ban for one Test match and two one-day international matches. India lose the three-Test series 2-0, and the third is deemed unofficial by the ICC amid threats of a revolt by India and the BCCI.

July 13, 2002
Paying them in the same currency

Is seen waving his shirt emphatically at the Lord's balcony as an incredible win in the NatWest Series final caps off impressive back-to-back tours of West Indies and England. India had lost their last nine finals in a row, six under Ganguly. He scores a century in the Test series that follows. India draw the series 1-1.

March 20, 2003
Promised land

Scores a century in the World Cup semi-final as India make it to the final for the first time since 1983.

December 7, 2003
Leading from the front

In Brisbane, scores a brilliant counter-attacking century in a tricky situation to set the tone for Indian batsmen on the Australian tour.

April 16, 2004
Neighbours won over

Becomes the first Indian captain to win a Test series in Pakistan. Also with 15 Test wins, he becomes India's most successful captain. India win the five-ODI series too by a margin of 3-2.

October 10, 2004
Beginning of the false end

India lose the first Test against Australia in Bangalore by 217 runs. He struggles both as a batsman and as a captain, and his withdrawal from the last two Tests due to injury leads to much media speculation and controversy. Australia capture the final frontier with a 2-1 series win.

March 28, 2005
Decline continues

The signs of his decline are obvious after a dismal showing in a drawn series at home against Pakistan. Pakistan side triumphs in the decider at Bangalore, virtually signalling the end of the successful Ganguly-Wright relationship. Ganguly scores 48 runs in the series, at 9.60.

April 12, 2005
Bad gets worse

After the fourth ODI against Pakistan, with the six-match ODI series tied 2-2, he is banned for six matches for a slow-over rate and has to watch from the sidelines as India go down 2-4 to Pakistan.

September 15, 2005
After hundred, comes nadir

A slow hundred against a depleted Zimbabwe sends the critics into raptures, only for the controversial Ganguly-Greg Chappell saga to blow up in everyone's faces. Ganguly goes public with his dismay at Chappell's suggestions during the match that he step down from the captaincy, and the media goes wild. Chappell is not amused, maintaining that the Indian captain asked him for his honest opinion on his form and leadership in a private meeting between the two. The tour goes on, with India unsurprisingly beating Zimbabwe 2-0. On the team's return to India Ganguly is publicly ostracised and there are more and more calls for his sacking. Forty-eight hours after saying that he respected the Indian captain and looked forward to working with him in the future, Chappell fires off a damning memorandum to the BCCI.

October 21, 2005
Refusal to die

Hits a century in the Duleep Trophy match against a strong North Zone attack to remind the world that he is not done yet.

November 22, 2005
Passes the thorny baton

The selectors end his five-year reign as Test captain when they pick Rahul Dravid to lead India in the Tests against Sri Lanka.

January to March, 2006
Uninvited

Is picked for the Test series in Pakistan. Does not bat in the first Test, is dropped for the second, and scores 34 and 37 in the third in Karachi. His performance isn't enough to secure a spot in the one-day series that followed. Is not picked for the home Tests against England.

December 7, 2006
Beginning of the end of the end

India are doing miserably in South Africa, having lost all the one-dayers. Ganguly is picked for the Tests. India are 1 for 2, 37 for 3, 59 for 4 against Rest of South Africa in Potchefstroom. Ganguly comes in and scores 83, India win, and take momentum into the Test series.

December 15, 2006
Riposte continues

Scores a half-century with the tail in the Johannesburg Test, as India reach a crucial 249 and bowl South Africa out for 84. They go on to win by 123 runs, but lose in the final Test to squander an opportunity for a rare series win. Ganguly is the leading run-getter for India.

January 21, 2007
ODIs, here I come, again

In Nagpur, on his ODI comeback, scores 98 against West Indies. India go on to score 338 and win by 14 runs.

May 18-19, 2007
I have been expecting you, Test ton

Scores an even 100 in Chittagong, his third century in three-and-a-half years. His last two centuries are Bulawayo, 2005 and Brisbane, 2003.

July-August, 2007
Feels like home in England

Scores 249 runs at 49.80 in India's series win in England, and has secured his place in both Test and ODI sides.

November-December, 2007
E-done and double delight

Scores his first Test century at Eden Gardens, his home ground, and follows it up with his first double-century, in Bangalore. Pakistan are at the receiving end, as he top-scores with 534 runs in three Tests at an average of 89, and is the Man of the Series.

December 2007-January 2008
Beginning of another false end?

A mixed Test series in Australia (235 runs at 29.37, two half-centuries) is followed up by the ODI axe for the CB Series in Australia.

April 12, 2008
Mastering the Mean Street

On an under-prepared, dual-paced pitch in Kanpur, Ganguly scores a serene 87 to help India level the three-Test series against South Africa. Later calls it one of his best Test innings.

October 7, 2008
'I've decided to quit'

Two days before the start of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, announces it will be his last series. There have been talks doing the rounds that the BCCI has been trying to force the seniors into retirmement. He first denies such notions in a press conference, and then when the presser is over, makes the announcement. "Just one last thing lads, before I leave," he says. "I just want to say that this is going to be my last series. I've decided to quit. I told my team-mates before coming here. These four Test matches are going to be my last and hopefully we'll go on a winning note."

Ganguly to retire after Border-Gavaskar'08

Sourav Ganguly has announced he will retire after the upcoming Test series against Australia.

"Just one last thing lads, before I leave, I just want to say that this is going to be my last series," Ganguly said at the end of a routine press conference in Bangalore. "I've decided to quit. I told my team-mates before coming here. These four Test matches are going to be my last and hopefully we'll go on a winning note."

Kris Srikkanth, the head of India's new selection panel, was of the opinion that Ganguly made the right decision. "I think Sourav Ganguly has been an extraordinary cricketer," he said. "He has brought so many laurels to the country both as a captain and as a player.

"I think he's probably taken the right decision. He had a good chat with me and my co-selector Narendra Hirwani. He wants a peaceful series without any troubles on his mind. As a player I can tell you that when you have an axe over your head it doesn't feel right. I hope he goes out with couple of hundreds. Ganguly was one of the best captains the world has ever produced and I think he deserves it."

India's selectors picked Ganguly in a 15-man squad for the first two Tests against Australia despite intense speculation on his future leading up to the selection meeting in Mumbai last week. Ganguly had reportedly considered quitting cricket after being overlooked for the Irani Cup match between the Rest of India and Delhi but India's selection panel valued his experience over youngsters like Rohit Sharma, Yuvraj Singh and Mohammad Kaif.

"To be honest I didn't expect to be picked for this series," Ganguly said. "But once I was chosen, I started preparing. Even when I was left out of the Rest of India squad, which was a bit of a surprise for me, I was still training with the Bengal boys."

Ganguly also dismissed speculation over a voluntary retirement scheme for the senior members of India's squad. "I don't think it's ever possible that anybody can offer you a VRS scheme. You cannot do that to players like [Anil] Kumble, [Rahul] Dravid, [VVS] Laxman, me, Sachin [Tendulkar] or anyone.

"What is important is what you get to know from the board [BCCI] and as far as I, and some of the senior players, are concerned, we have not received any intimation from the board on anything."

Ganguly, 36, has scored 6888 runs in 109 Tests, with 15 hundreds. He played 49 Tests as captain, the most by an Indian. The 21 matches won during his tenure is also an Indian record, and his win percentage of over 40 is the highest for players who have captained India in more than one Test. Starting with a hundred on debut, Ganguly's Test average has never dipped below 40.

In 311 ODIs, he scored 11,363 runs at 41.02. He captained India in 147 ODIs. His last ODI was against Pakistan in Gwalior on November 15, 2007. He is one of only three players to complete the treble of 10,000 runs, 100 wickets and 100 catches in ODIs, Sanath Jayasuriya and Sachin Tendulkar being the others. Along with Tendulkar, he formed a prolific partnership at the top of the order, with 6609 runs at an average of nearly 50 per stand in 136 innings.

Since his recall in December 2006 and till the end of the home series against South Africa earlier this year, Ganguly scored 1571 runs at 50.67, including a maiden double-century.

He, however, put on a lacklustre show against Sri Lanka in the recent series, and Ganguly will now be hoping for a gala exit.

Another major European financial institution is teetering on the brink of collapse after a banking consortium withdrew from rescue talks.

Germany's second-largest mortgage lender, Hypo Real Estate, said a bail-out deal had fallen apart. Correspondents say its failure would put further strain on financial institutions in other countries.

The news came as EU leaders at a Paris summit stopped short of offering a US-style rescue plan to banks.

Hypo Real Estate, which has large amounts of bad debt, has suffered from the credit squeeze in international markets.

The bank said a consortium of German financial institutions involved in a government-led rescue plan pulled out of the negotiations after refusing to come up with nearly 36bn euros ($50bn; £28bn) for a bail-out.

The reasons why the consortium pulled out are unclear but a Hypo Real Estate spokesman said the property lender was fighting for its survival.

Some analysts are saying the bank will not last more than a few days without a rescue package, so action must be taken before the markets open on Monday.

Another meeting of government representatives and private bankers is expected to take place on Sunday.

Executive 'sanctions'

Correspondents say if Hypo Real Estate does collapse it could plunge already volatile markets even further into debt.


News of the failed plan came as leaders of the major European economies met in the French capital for talks hosted by President Nicolas Sarkozy.

Britain, Germany, Italy and France all agreed to work together to support financial institutions but did not agree to set up a big rescue fund similar to that of the US.

They decided instead to seek a relaxation of the EU rules governing the amount of money individual states can borrow.

The leaders also issued a joint call for a G8 summit "as soon as possible" to review the rules governing financial markets.

Mr Sarkozy announced a series of other measures - including unspecified action against the executives of failed banks.

Speaking after the meeting at a joint news conference, he said the four had agreed that the leaders of a financial institution that had to be rescued should be "sanctioned".

The French president added: "Each government will operate with its own methods and means, but in a co-ordinated manner."

Meanwhile German Chancellor Angela Merkel called on EU countries not to take steps at home that could cause problems for other member states.

The Irish and Greek governments have been criticised within the EU for deciding to act independently by guaranteeing to protect all savings deposited in their banks.

'Trial by fire'

UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown, meanwhile, called on European leaders to send the message that "no sound, solvent bank should be allowed to fail through lack of liquidity".

European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso, right, points to the Elysee Palace stairs as French President Nicolas Sarkozy, left, watches on 4 October 2008
EU leaders are under pressure to contain the financial contagion

He also said the meeting had agreed to ask the European Investment Fund to release 15bn euros ($21bn; £12bn) in loans to help small businesses operate.

The head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Dominique Strauss-Kahn, had earlier urged EU action, saying the financial crisis was presenting Europe with a "trial by fire".

He held talks with Mr Sarkozy before the EU leaders' meeting and said although the EU was a more complex organisation than the US, Europe needed to take "concerted collective action".

Mr Strauss-Kahn said it had to be "indicated to the markets... that European countries will not react as every man for himself".

He also said he would be scaling back his world economic growth forecasts.

Calls for European action followed the bail-out of both Bradford and Bingley in the UK and Fortis Bank by the governments of Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

But the president of the European Parliament has criticised the summit, warning that the leaders of Europe's four largest economies have no power to decide for the entire European Union.

The Best All Rounders in One-Day Cricket Ever

South Africa will be looking to replicate their Test success in the One-Day arena, while England will be looking to get the "Pietersen Era" off to a good start. One thing both these One-Day outfits are blessed with is a genuine all-rounder. Jacques Kallis and Andrew Flintoff are arguably the greatest all-rounders in the game today and will make a real difference in this series. But are they the best all-rounders in the history of ODIs....close but no cigar is what the numbers reveal.

First, it is important to agree on the definition of an all-rounder. Ideally, an all-rounder is someone who can hold a place in the side purely as a batsman or a bowler. But such chimerical cricketers are few and far between; even someone like the great Sir Richard Hadlee would have struggled to play in the eleven as just a batsman. So an all-rounder can be one who bats in the middle-order, scores you a solid fifty and then comes on first change with the ball and picks up three wickets- your classic all-rounder. He could also bat atop the order, score a hundred and bowl a tidy ten overs, picking up a wicket or two- the batting all-rounder. And of course, he could come lower down, score a quickfire thirty and then take a fifer with the ball- and he would be called, you guessed it, the bowling all-rounder. As long as the batting and bowling all-rounders show the ability to do consistently well with both bat and bowl (defined as a minimum qualification of 1000 runs and 100 wickets in ODIs), they make the cut for consideration. That's a list of 42 all-rounders up for consideration based on overall One-Day records. Of course you have Adam Gilchrist, a different kind of all-rounder whom we shall not include for the purpose of our discussion.

The "All-Rounder Index" (ARI), is simply a combination of a batting index and a bowling index for each player. The batting index itself is a combination of average and strike-rate over the course of one's career. Likewise, the bowling index is a combination of bowling average and economy rate. These indices have been adjusted to give a higher weightage to averages as opposed to taking a simple product of the two factors (average and strike-rate). Further, they have been adjusted to ensure the batting and bowling scores are on the same scale and are hence are equally important to the overall ARI. And here are the top ten.

10. Kapil Dev: ARI 1563
Kapil Dev had a terrific strike-rate of 95 with the bat, but his bowling is what helped him crack the top ten. Kapil was an uncomplicated cricketer, accurate bowling and big hitting. He led by example to take India to a historic World Cup win in 1983, and without a doubt, is India's greatest all-rounder.

9. Andrew Symonds: ARI 1569
Perhaps one of the most under-rated cricketers when it comes to a discussion on the all-time greats, Andrew Symonds is arguably one of the greatest ODI batsman of all time. He averages over 40 with the bat with a strike rate in the 90s, which makes him the third best batsmen in this all-rounder list of 42. He has made a few handy contributions with his off-breaks as well. Roy's career may have got off to a shaky start, but his 143* against Pakistan in the 2003 World Cup was the turning point in his career and since then he has gone on to establish himself as Australia's best ODI all-rounder ever.

8. Richard Hadlee: ARI 1657
Sir Richard Hadlee is the best bowler in this list, with an average of under 22 and an economy rate of 3.3. He single-handedly carried the Kiwi side for a decade and a half, as one of the best fast bowlers of his generation. Hadlee also chipped in with some useful contributions with the bat, but a career average of 21.6 prevents him from making it higher on this list.

7. Chris Gayle: ARI 1662
As blasphemous as it may seem to some to put Gayle ahead of Hadlee and Dev, the numbers indicate that Gayle has earned his spot with some aggressive batting and clever bowling. Gayle averages close to 40 at a strike rate of over 80. While it could be argued that he plays in a time when scoring rates are higher and his strike rate should be more than openers and all-rounders of the past, Gayle also has to bowl in a time when runs are scored faster and his economy rate will be worse than a similar bowler in a previous decade. And Gayle has been a key bowler, often coming on at the death and going at 4.6 runs an over picking up a wicket or two for every ten overs. Gayle narrowly edges out Hadlee to come in at 7, but there's quite a difference between his score and number 6 on the list.

6. Jacques Kallis: ARI 1807
A Jacques of all trades, Kallis is in at 6. Kallis has an impressive batting average of 45.2 and a decent bowling average a bit over 30, but his low strike rate of 71 and an economy rate coming close to 5 peg him down to number five in the list. Kallis will figure much higher in a Test match equivalent version of the best all-rounders, but in the ODI version he is not the best of the best.

5. Imran Khan: ARI 1835
Imran Khan is one of the few classic all-rounders the game has ever seen, and he could play in the Pakistan squad purely as a batsman or a bowler. And Imran was consistent, never really showing a decline in form even in the latter part of his career. He played at a time when three other all-rounders (Hadlee, Dev and Botham) lay claim to being the best of their time, but in the end, Imran Khan in the shorter format of the game has proved to be better than them all.

4. Shaun Pollock: ARI 1839
The baby-faced assassin, Shaun Pollock was one of the tightest bowlers in the modern era. His economy rate of 3.67 is better than anyone else that played in his time, even McGrath wasn't as economical. Pollock was also an explosive lower-order bat, averaging 26 with a strike rate in the mid 80s.

3. Andrew Flintoff: ARI 1965
Touted as the next Ian Botham, Freddie Flintoff has actually out-performed his hero in the one-day version of the game. He started his career as an erratic, inconsistent player, but time has changed him into one of the highest impact players in today's game. Before he was out injured, Flintoff's bowling in ODIs was a revelation as he was England's most accurate and economical bowler. With Flintoff back at his best, England can realistically hope to bounce back in the upcoming one-day series.

2. Viv Richards: ARI 2023
Sir Issac Vivian Alexander Richards is arguably the greatest batsman in the shorter version of the game, fearless (never wore a helmet!), aggressive and down right intimidating. Yet, Richards is also the second greatest all-rounder of all time. Clearly, he was never a classic all-rounder, a batting all-rounder for sure. Richards' batting accomplishments were so phenomenal, one tends to overlook his efforts with the ball. Richards though has done enough to prove his ability as a bowler with 118 ODI wickets which has him at number two on this list.

1. Lance Klusener: ARI 2049

The master of masters is Lance Klusener. Zulu will be best remembered for his spectacular performances at the 1999 World Cup when he averaged over 140 with the bat and a shade over 20 with the ball, for which he won the Man of the Series. He will also be remembered for his starring role in the semi-final tie against Australia, where he single-handedly brought his side back into the game, only for the Proteas to choke right at the end. Klusener's career ended rather abruptly, but with a batting average of over 40 and a strike rate close to 90, he will be known as one of the most destructive batsmen the game has ever seen. Bowling was his forte when he started as a tearaway quick, but he adapted to injuries to a medium pacer who picked up regular wickets. Overall, Klusener was a fantastic player and is the best all-rounder in the history of One-Day cricket.

The Best Opening Batsmen in One-Day Cricket

Sachin Tendulkar was selected in ODI Team of Year at the recently concluded ICC Awards. A look at the numbers reveals that Tendulkar is the greatest opening batsmen in the history of the one-day game. The all time top-ten opening batsmen list however does throw up quite a few surprises.

First, a definition of the criteria-

1. Batsmen who have scored at least 3000 runs in ODI cricket as an opener.
2. Only performances as openers are considered in computing averages and strike-rates.
3. A time-adjustment has been made to compare batsmen across eras. Strike-rates and therefore, runs-per over have significantly increased over the ages. In the 1970s, the average RPO in ODIs was 3.93. This went up to 4.38 in the 80s, 4.58 in the 90s and 4.87 since the turn of the century. Similarly, averages have also shown an increasing trend, though it is not as pronounced as the increase in strike rates. Therefore, a batsman's average and stike-rate have been adjusted to account for this difference across decades. For example, Desmond Haynes played 69 of his 238 matches as opener in the 1990s, and the rest in the 1980s. Using the decadal average adjustment, his average is increased by a factor of 1.02 (obtained by the division of the all-time average Avg by the average Avg in the respective decade) and his strike-rate by 1.05. That means his adjusted average is up from 41.4 to 42.4 and his adjusted strike-rate is up from 63.1 to 66.4.
4. Finally, batting points have been defined as a combination of batting average and strike rate. A simple multiplication of the two factors may be considered, but that would not be completely fair since strike-rates and averages are not measured on the same base. The top 50 all-time ODI run getters have an average Avg of close to 40 and an average SR of about 80. In order to account for this difference, batting points have been defined as Avg * (SR + 40).

To address one question that was raised by readers of the all-rounder article- this criterion does not include longevity. What that means is, someone like a Ganguly who has scored over 9000 runs as an opener, or Jayasuriya who has scored over 12000 runs are not rewarded for having amassed those many runs. The rationale for that is some players have simply had more opportunities to play in ODIs. As long as a player has scored at least 3000 runs, he is considered good enough to make the cut. However, higher runs scored have been used a tie-breaker in the event of players being within 10 batting points of each other. Here is the list of the top 10 openers of all time.

10. Sourav Ganguly- 4620 points

It might come as a surprise to some to see Ganguly this low on the list. The Prince of Kolkata has 19 tons as an opener at an average of 41.5. But it's his strike-rate that sees him lose out- 73.6 which is low for a player who played his cricket in the late 90s and the 2000s. That gives him an adjusted SR of 72.2 and that's enough for him to just squeeze into this top ten list.

9. Gary Kirsten- 4635 points

More famous now as Team India's coach, Gary Kirsten was South Africa's reliable sheet anchor. He was a grafter, often opting for the fine nudges and glances as opposed to taking the aerial route. He finished with 13 centuries with an average of 41.8

8. Graeme Smith- 4770 points

From one Protea opener to another- Graeme Smith is the modern day hard-hitting aggressive batsman. He took over as South Africa's youngest ever captain in 2003 and has since led from the front. He scores fast, at a strike-rate at 82 at a healthy average of 41. Smith may have been named captain of the ICC Test team of the year, but his impressive ODI record makes him the highest ranked South African on this list.

7. Saeed Anwar- 4788 points

Anwar will always be remembered by Indian fans as the man who always scored big hundreds against them. The biggest of those was 194 in Chennai, which is the highest individual score in ODIs. Anwar also loved playing in Sharjah, where he destroyed a number of bowling attacks. Anwar amassed over 8000 runs as an opener and finished with a fantastic conversion rate of turning fifties into hundreds, with 37 fifties and 20 tons.

6. Chris Gayle- 4832 points

The numbers seem to indicate that Hurricane Gayle is one of the most under-rated cricketers in today's game. He figured highly in the all-rounders list and is up at 6 on this list, and it's hard to argue with his average almost touching 42 and his strike-rate in the 80s. There may be doubts on whether or not the Jamaican left-hander should lead the Caribbean national team, but there is no doubting his place in the list of all-time great one-day batsmen.

5. Adam Gilchrist- 4847 points

Gilly revolutionized the game with his unique attacking style and is arguably the most exciting player in the modern game. He finished with a strike-rate of 98 which more than made up for a less than stellar average of 36.5. With his form declining towards the end of his career, Gilchrist proved his mettle with a breathtaking hundred that ‘squashed' the Sri Lankans in the World Cup final.

4. Matthew Hayden- 5019 points

In case you haven't noticed yet, this list seems to be filled with left-handers for some inexplicable reason. Winner of the ICC One-Day Player of the Year in 2007, Matty Hayden is the seventh and final left-hander in the top ten. And with an average in excess of 44 and a strike-rate close to 80, it's not hard to see why.

3. Mark Waugh- 5114 points

In terms of overall batting records considering all positions in the batting order, Mark Waugh is well behind his other Aussie mates. But Junior stepped up his game as opener, his career average of 39.4 up by almost 5 points when he batted atop the order. He was a terrific strokemaker and opening the innings took him from being just another really good player to a truly great ODI batsman!

2. Gordon Greenidge- 5162 points

Greenidge is one of the guys from yesteryear who would have gone unnoticed if it hadn't been for the decadal adjustment. An impressive average of 45.4, but a seemingly meager SR of 65.7. However, Greenidge played at a time when batsman did not score very fast. He formed the greatest opening combination the 80s with Desmond Haynes and while Haynes may have been the highest run-getter at ODIs at one point in time, it's Greendige's consistency and hard-hitting that sees him at number two on this list.

1. Sachin Tendulkar- 6007 points

Sachin Tendulkar tops the list with a commanding lead, almost 1000 points clear of his closest rival. 13245 runs as an opener, at an average of 48.2 with 38 centuries and 68 fifties. All that at a prolific strike-rate of 87.4! Not surprisingly, the Master Blaster is miles ahead of the competition amongst all opening batsmen in the history of the One-Day game. But is Tendulkar the greatest batsman in the history of One-Day cricket? That answer comes to you on another day with another list!

The best pacers of all time

Australia are in for some tough times ahead because they no longer have the services of the best pace bowler of all time.

A definition of the criteria-
i. Bowlers who have picked up at least 150 wickets in ODI cricket are considered.
ii. A time-adjustment has been made to compare players across eras. Just like batsmen of an earlier era are disadvantaged by a slower pace of the game at their time, bowlers of today are disadvantaged by the faster pace and quicker scoring. Richard Hadlee bowled at a time when batsmen scored at an average of 4 to 4.5 runs an over, where as today a run a ball is the norm. Therefore, economy rates show an increasing trend. So do bowler averages though the trend is not as pronounced. Similar to the adjustment made for batsmen, a time-adjustment has been made to account for this difference across eras.
iii. Bowling points have been defined as a combination of average and economy rate (measured as runs per 100 balls). Like with the batsmen, a simple multiplication of the two factors may be considered, but that would not be completely fair since economy rates and averages are not measured on the same base. In order to account for this difference, bowling points are measured as Avg * (Eco-rate + 40). This number should be as low as possible, since great bowlers concede fewer runs per wicket (average) and concede fewer runs per 100 balls (eco-rate). Instead of taking a reverse scale, a reciprocal of this number has been taken and multiplied by a suitable constant number to avoid fractional values. This ends up measuring the bowling points on a scale with 6000 as the highest, making it comparable with the batting scale. For instance, Shoaib Akhtar has an average of 23.2 and an economy rate of 77.3. His adjusted numbers are 22.8 and 74.7, an improvement to account for the era he plays in. The Avg * (Eco-rate +40) gives him a preliminary score of 2620, the number that should be as low as possible. Finally, the reciprocal of this number and adjusted to avoid fractional numbers gives him a bowling score of 4966 points. Not that complicated really!
iv. Finally, a longevity adjustment has been made. This rewards bowlers who have picked up more wickets. To the bowling points calculated above, the number of wickets taken by the bowler has been added. Therefore, Akhtar ends with 4966 + 219 = 5185 points. And that's the final score. The longevity bonus does not impact the ratings significantly, only contributing 5-10% of the overall score. However, in cases of bowlers with similar scores, the bowler with more wickets gets the edge.

And here's how the top 10 stack-up.

10. Waqar Younis- 5064 points
The original Sultan of Swing (and Reverse-Swing), Waqar Younis ran through batting line-ups with his fast yorkers. He ended up with 416 wickets, but enough gave away too many runs in his efforts to pick up wickets. That resulted in an economy rate of 4.7 runs per over, high for someone who played predominantly in the 1990s, and 10th position on this list.

9. Makhaya Ntini- 5116 points
A reason South Africa never really dropped off the radar amongst top international teams is because Ntini spear-headed the attack and made up for the losses of Alan Donald and more recently, Shaun Pollock. South Africa's first black cricketer, Makhaya Ntini currently has 257 ODI wickets and will be hoping to joining to 300 club soon.

8. Shoaib Akhtar- 5185 points
Disclaimer- these ratings only consider performances in international ODI cricket and not off the field behaviour! Despite all that's been made up of bad boy Akhtar, the Rawalpindi Express has a phenomenal ODI strike-rate of a wicket every thirty balls and at his best, was the most feared bowler in cricket. Unfortunately, it's not his bowling that sees him in the headlines these days.

7. Brett Lee- 5335 points
In his prime right now, Brett Lee is only going to move higher with time. He already has the best strike-rate of anyone on this list, with a wicket every 29 balls. He took a bit of stick early on in his career which results in an economy rate of 78.5 per 100 balls, but he has become a more complete and controlled bowler. Lightning Lee will certainly be a handful in the upcoming India-Aussie Test series.

6. Curtly Ambrose- 5614 points
This silent giant's first love was basketball, but thankfully for the Windies and cricket lovers, he pursued the leather ball. His economy rate was outstanding, under 3.5 runs per over and the best adjusted economy rate in these rankings. Add too that he did pick up the odd wicket or two, 225 to be precise!

5. Wasim Akram- 5713 points

The only left-arm quickie in this list is Wasim Akram. Listing his credentials would take an entire article. Suffice to say, 502 wickets at 3.89 runs per coupled with 414 test wickets might just make him the greatest pace-bowler of all-time. He loses out on this list because his average 23.5 is not as good as the others in front of him.

4. Alan Donald- 5759 points
"White Lightning", as he was fondly known, Alan Donald took the world by storm at the 1992 World Cup during South Africa's return to international cricket. The sight of the war-paint wearing tear-away quick running in intimidated batsmen and captured the attention of millions world-wide. He ended with his ODI career with 272 wickets at an average of just 21.8.

3. Shaun Pollock- 5798 points

Immaculate, accurate and frugal would best describe Shaun Pollock. How else could a bowler go at just 3.7 runs per over in this day and age. Even in the later stages of his career, Pollock was miserly leading South Africa to the 2007 World Cup semi-final with an economical spell against England, and edges out his counterparts as the top Protean in this list.

2. Richard Hadlee- 5989 points
158 wickets in 115 ODIs for Sir Richard Hadlee, one can only wonder how much more he could have accomplished had there been more cricket at this time. The numbers speak for themselves, an economy rate of 3.3 and an average of 21.6. Among the great all-rounders of the 1980s, Hadlee clearly stood out as the best bowler in the lot.

1. Glenn McGrath- 6161 points

The best of the best- Glenn McGrath possesses a knack to bowl an unwavering line and constantly in the "corridor of uncertainty". 250 matches, 381 wickets, an average of 22 and an economy rate of 3.88 for a man who played more than half of his cricket in the new millennium. He led his country to three world cup triumphs, and finished Man of the Series in the 2007 edition. "Pigeon" made a number of top-class batsmen look like lame ducks and Australia certainly has not be flying as high without him

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